Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
All neutral halogens are diatomic and readily reduced to halide ions.
All combine with hydrogen to form gases which except for HF, are strong acids in aqueous solution.The chemistry of the halogens is governed in large part by their tendency to acquire an electron to attaina noble gas electron configuration.
Except, fluorine, all halogens disproportionate in sodium hydroxide(dilute) forming halides and hypohalites. All the hypohalite ions are unstable with respect to the disproportionation;
3OX– → XO3–+ 2X–
Consider the following statements –
(I) Amongst HCl, HBr, HI and HOCl, HCl is most stable to heat.
(II) Chlorine gas is evolved when potassium chlorate reacts with iodine.
(III)The basicity of F–, Cl–, Br–, and I–follows the order F–> Cl–> Br–> I–
(IV)Sodium hypochlorite is used as bleaching and sterilising agent.Which of the above statements are correct?
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Solution
(I) HCl is most stable to heat because of high bond enthalpy.
(II) 2KClO3+ I2 → 2KIO3 + Cl2.
(III) Correct order, F–because of high electron density on account of small size easily donate the electron pair, is strongest base.
(IV)It is used as bleaching as well as sterilising agent(as it acts strong oxidising agent)
Purenitrogen is prepared in the laboratory by heating a mixture of
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Solution
PH4I + NaOH forms
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Solution
PH4I + NaOH → NaI + PH3 + H2O
PCl3 reacts with water to form
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Solution
PCl3+ H2O → POCl3 + 2HCl
POCl3+ 3H2O → H3PO4 + 3HCl
The gas not absorbed by coconut charcoal is :
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Solution
He being the smallest sized atom, can not be absorbed by coconut charcoal.
P2O5 is heated with water to give
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Solution
\(P_{2}O_{5}+3H_{2}O\overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow}2H_{3}PO_{4}\)
Least stable oxide of chlorine is :
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Solution
ClO2 is least stable. The order of stability is Cl2O < ClO2< ClO3< Cl2O7The higher the oxygen atom involved the greater the stability. The oxygen atom being electro-negative doesnot allow electron of chlorine atom to be showed with other sin the formation of compound. So Cl2O7 is most inactiveor highly stable.
Which one has the lowest boiling point ?
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Solution
The order of boiling points of the group 15 hydrides is :BiH3 > SbH3 > NH3 > AsH3 > PH3
When orthophosphoric acid is heated to 600°C, the product formed is
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Solution
\(2H_{3}PO_{4} \begin{matrix} 600^{°}\\ \;----\rightarrow \\ -2H_{2}O\end{matrix} 2HPO_{3}\)
The gas used in air ships is :
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Solution
Hydrogen is lighter than helium but still helium is used in ballons because hydrogne is highly explosive and reactive gas. It may lead to accident.