DIRECTIONS: These are Assertion-Reason type questions.Question contains two statements:Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason). Answer these questions from the following four options.
Statement-1 :A resonance hybrid is always more stable than any of its canonical structures.
Statement-2 :This stability is due to delocalization of electrons

Statement- 1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement -1
Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
Statement - 1 is True,Statement- 2 is False
Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True

Dipole moment of p-nitroaniline, when compared to nitrobenzene (X) and aniline (Y) will be :

smaller than both (X) and (Y)
greater than both (X) and (Y)
greater than (Y) but smaller than (X)
equal to zero

Solution

Group moment of –NO₂ is –3.98D(acting towards the benzene ring) and that of–NH₂ is + 1.5D(acting away from the group). Hence moments of both the groups in p-positions will act in the same direction.

The BCl₃ is a planar molecule whereas NCl₃ is pyramidal because

B-Cl bond is more polar than N-Cl bond
N-Cl bond is more covalent than B-Cl bond
nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom
BCl₃ has no lone pair but NCl₃ has a lone pair of electrons

Solution

As there is no lone pair on boron in BCl₃ therefore no repulsion takes place. But there is a lone pair on nitrogen in NCl₃. Therefore repulsion takes place. Thus BCl₃ is planar molecule but NCl₃ is a pyramidal molecule.

Solution

The group moments of –NO₂, –OH, –Cl and –CH₃ respectively are 3.98, 1.6, 1.55 and 0.4D.

Solution

The boiling point of p-nitrophenol is higher than that of o-nitrophenol because

NO₂ group at p-position behave in a different way from that at o-position.
intramolecular hydrogen bonding exists in p-nitrophenol
there is inter molecular hydrogen bonding in p-nitrophenol
p-nitrophenol has a higher molecular weight than o-nitrophenol.

Solution

The b.p. of p-nitrophenol is higher than that of o-nitrophenol because in p-nitrophenol there is intermolecular H-bonding but in o-nitrophenol it is intramolecular H-bonding.

Solution

Nitrogen can not be pentavalent as it has no d-orbitals

Mark the incorrect statement in the following

The bond order in the species O₂, \(O_{2}^{+}\) and \(O_{2}^{-}\) decreases as \(O_{2}^{+}\) > \(O_{2}^{-}\) > O₂
The bond energy in a diatomic molecule always increases when an electron is lost
Electrons in anti bonding M.O. contribute to repulsion between two atoms.
With increase in bond order, bond length decreases and bond strength increases

Solution

The removal of an electron from a diatomic molecule may increase the bond order as in the conversion O₂(2) ⟶ \(O_{2}^{+}\)(2.5) or decrease the bond order as in the conversion, N₂(3.0) ⟶ \(N_{2}^{+}\)(2.5),As a result,the bond energy may increase or decrease. Thus,statement (b) is incorrect.

Solution

Since water is polar in nature and like dissolves like,the coating must be non polar to polar manner.

Solution

In amine the nitrogen is sp³ hybridised and in amide the nitrogen is sp² hybridised.

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