Solution

In which of the following ionization processes, the bond order has increased and the magnetic behaviour has changed?

N₂ ⟶ \(N_{2}^{+}\)
C₂ ⟶ \(C_{2}^{+}\)
NO ⟶ \(NO_{}^{+}\)
O₂ ⟶ \(O_{2}^{+}\)

Solution

i)N₂: bond order = 3, diamagnetic
\(N_{2}^{-}\) : bond order = 2.5, paramagnetic
(ii)C₂: bond order = 2, diamagnetic
C\(C_{2}^{+}\): bond order = 1.5, paramagnetic
(iii)NO : bond order = 2.5, paramagnetic
NO⁺: bond order = 3, diamagnetic
(iv)O₂: bond order = 2, paramagnetic
\(O_{2}^{+}\): bond order =2.5, paramagnetic

The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarizing power. Which one of the following sequences represents the increasing order of the polarizing power of the cationic species, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Be²⁺ ?

Ca²⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Be²⁺ < K⁺
Mg²⁺ < Be²⁺ < K⁺ < Ca²⁺
Be²⁺ < K⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Mg²⁺
K⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Be²⁺

Solution

Smaller the size and higher the charge more will be the polarising power of cation. Since the order of the sizeof cation is K⁺ > Ca⁺⁺ > Mg⁺⁺ > Be⁺⁺. So the correct order of polarising power is K⁺< Ca²⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Be²⁺.

Which of the following species exhibits the diamagnetic behaviour ?

NO
\(O_{2}^{2-}\)
\(O_{2}^{+}\)
O₂

Solution

The pair of species with the same bond order is :

\(O_{2}^{2-}\),B₂
\(O_{2}^{+2}\), NO⁺
NO, CO
N₂, O₂

Solution

Which of the following species contains three bond pairs and one lone pair around the central atom ?

H₂O
BF₃
\(NH_{2}^{-}\)
PCl₃

Solution

Considering the state of hybridization of carbon atoms, find out the molecule among the following which is linear ?

CH₃– CH = CH–CH₃
CH₃ – C ≡ C – CH₃
CH₂ = CH – CH₂ – C ≡ CH
CH₃ – CH₂ – CH₂ – CH₃

Solution

Which one of the following species does not exist under normal conditions?

\(Be_{2}^{+}\)
Be₂
B₂
Li₂

Solution

Bond order of Be₂= 0, hence Be₂ cannot exist.

In which of the following molecules the central atom does not have sp3 hybridization?

\(NH_{4}^{+}\)
CH₄
SF₄
\(BF_{4}^{-}\)

Solution

Some of the properties of the two species, \(NO_{3}^{-}\) and H₃O⁺ are described below. Which one of them is correct?

Similar in hybridization for the central atom with different structures.
Dissimilar in hybridization for the central atom with different structures.
Isostructural with same hybridization for the central atom.
Isostructural with different hybridization for the central atom.

Solution

In \(NO_{3}^{-}\), nitrogen have sp² hybridisation, thus planar in shape. In H₃O⁺, oxygen is in sp³ hybridisation,thus tetrahedral geometry is expected but due to presence of one lp of electrons on central oxygen atom it is pyramidal in shape.

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