Transcription in prokaryotic cell is :

initiated at a promoter using one of three RNA polymerases (RNA polymerase II).
initiated at a start codon with the help of initiation factors and the small subunit of the ribosome.
initiated at a promoter and uses only one strand of DNA,the template strand, to synthesize a complementary RNA strand.
is terminated at stop codons.

Solution

Option (a) describes transcription in eukaryotic cells; Option (b) describes translation.

What would happen if a mutation occurred in the DNA such that the second codon of a polypeptide, UGC, was changed to a UAG?

Nothing. The ribosome would skip that codon and translation would continue.
Translation would continue, but the reading frame of the ribosome would be shifted.
Translation would stop at the second codon and no functional protein would be made.
Translation would continue, but the second amino acid in the protein would be different.

A functional piece of mRNA has 66 codons. What is the maximum number of amino acids that could be present in the protein coded for by this mRNA?

Solution

A functional strand of mRNA must have a start and a stop codon. The start codon often also codes for the amino acid methionine, which mayor may not end up being apart of the final protein. However, the stop codon would not code for an amino acid. Thus, with 66 codons in them RNA, there could be as many as 65 amino acids in the protein product.

Termination of polypeptide chain is brought about by

Nucleotide arrangement in DNA can be seen by

The primary function of DNA polymerase is to

The lagging daughter strand of DNA is synthesized in what appears to be the “wrong” direction.This synthesis is accomplished by

ligating (connecting) short Okazaki fragments that are synthesized in short spurts in the “right” direction.
primase.
using multiple primers and DNA polymerase I.
Both (a) and (b)

Solution

Okazaki fragments are short pieces of newly synthesized DNA. The production of each of these fragments is dependent on a beginning RNA primer. The small fragments are ultimately ligated (connected) together to form the lagging strand.

RNA primersare necessary in DNA synthesis because

Solution

DNA polymerase cannot initiate the building of a nucleotide strand; it can only add to an existing strand.Thus, RNA primers are necessary to begin DNA synthesis.

Proof reading and repair occur

Solution

For the integrity of DNA to be maintained, repair mechanisms must be active during synthesis, modification, and utilization of DNA.

DNA replication is an ______ process and ______ energy.

Solution

DNA replication is an energy-consuming process that must have an input of energy to proceed. Energy is provided in the breaking of the triphosphate tails of each nucleotide.

UnAttempted

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Attempted

Correct

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