The most common way of gene expression is regulated in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is through the

control of mRNA translation.
breakdown of proteins formed by translation.
prevention of DNA uncoiling prior to transcription.
control of gene transcription.

Solution

All of these are ways that gene expression can be regulated, but transcriptional control is clearly the most common mechanism.

Satellite DNA

is classified in many categories such as micro-satellites, mini satellites, etc. on the basis of base composition length of segments and number of repetitive units.
normally does not code for any protein.
shows polymorphism.
forms the basis of DNA finger printing.

What are the three major properties of genes that are explained by the structure of DNA?

They contain information, direct the synthesis of proteins, and are contained in the cell nucleus.
They contain nitrogenous bases, direct the synthesis of RNA, and are contained in the cell nucleus
They encode the organisms phenotype, are passed on from one generation to the next, and contain nitrogenous bases.
They contain information, replicate exactly, and changeto produce a mutation

In prokaryotes, gene regulation occurs at the level of

transcription
translation
post-transcription
post-translation

The regulation of tryptophan synthesis in E. coli is an example of affecting gene expression through

translational control.
transcriptional control.
homeotic gene control.
breaking down mRNA molecules.

Solution

The presence or absence of tryptophan determines whether the genes that code the necessary enzymes in tryptophan synthesis will even be transcribed.

Which of the following findings derived from recent analysis of the human genome does not illustrate our genetic relationships to other, more “primitive,” organisms?

Only 35,000 genes are required to make a human.
Human DNA contains hundreds of bacterial genes.
Numerous homeotic genes are shared among humans and other animals.
There are over 40 newly identified disease genes.

Solution

The fact that numerous disease genes have been discovered relationships between organisms.

Determination of one amino acid by more than one codon is due to

redundancy of genetic code.
continuous nature of genetic code.
punctuation in genetic code.
universal nature of genetic code.

If a nucleotide lacking a hydroxyl group at the 3′ end is added to a PCR, what would be the outcome?

No additional nucleotides would be added to a growing strand containing that nucleotide.
Strand elongation would proceed as normal.
Nucleotides would only be added at the 5' end.
T. aquaticus DNA polymerase would be denatured.

Solution

A hydroxylgroup at the 3' position of a nucleotide is necessary for the binding of any additional nucleotides. If this hydroxyl group were absent, no other nucleotides could be added to a growing strand.

SNP which is pronounced as “snips” stands for

small nuclear protein
single nucleotide particle
single nucleotide polymorphism
small nicking points

The process of transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA/formation of RNA from DNA is

transversion
transcription
translation
translocation

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