True organ of sound production in birds is

Larynx
Sound box
Vocal sac
Syrinx

Solution

Syrinx is a sound producing organ in birds.

People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at analtitude of 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

atmospheric O₂ level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O₂ to survive
there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production
people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed
people get pollution - free air to breathe and more oxygen is available

Solution

At the altitude of 5400 meters the low atmospheric pressure of O₂ will be too low so the solubility of oxygen in the blood will be very less hence the oxygen carried by each RBC will be too less. But to fulfill the oxygen requirement of the body blood has to carry more oxygen to the body tissue and this is done by the increased no. of RBCs.

When CO₂ concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes

shallower and slow
there is no effect on breathing
slow and deep
faster and deeper

Solution

The breathing becomes faster and deeper in order to oxygenate the blood at a fast rate. Shallow and slow breathing occurs during rest.

The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of

carbon disulphide
chloroform
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide

The ‘blue baby’ syndrome results from

Excess of dissolved oxygen
Excess of TDS (total dissolved solids)
Excess of chloride
Methaemoglobin

Which one of the following mammalian cells is not capable of metabolising glucose to carbon-dioxide aerobically?

Unstraited muscle cells
Liver cells
Red blood cells
White blood cells

Solution

Since RBCs do not have mitochondria so they can respire only anaerobically.

Intercostal muscles occur in

abdomen
thigh
ribs
diaphragm

Solution

Intercostal muscles (external intercostal & internal intercostal) are attached with the ribs which help in the movement of rib cage during breathing.

What is vital capacity of our lungs?

Inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume
Total lung capacity minus expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume
Total lung capacity minus residual volume

Solution

Vital capacity of lungs is largest possible expiration after largest possible inspiration.
VC = TRV +TV + ERV
= 3000 + 500 + 1100 = 4600 ml

Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort?

One can breathe out air totally without oxygen.
One can breathe out air through eustachian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth.
One can consiously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all
The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them.

Solution

Eustachian tube connect middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity) with nasopharynx, approximately it is 35 mm long in adults, which helps in breathing out by closing both the nose and mouth.

Which of the following are the correct statement for respiration in human ?

Cigarette smoking may lead of inflammation of bronchi
Neural signals from pneumotaxic centre in pons region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration
Workers in grinding and stone - breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis
About 90% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino haemoglobin.

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