Listed below are four respiratory capacities (i–iv) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult:

Respiratory capacities	Respiratory volumes
(i)Residual volume	2500 ml
(ii)Vital capacity	3500 ml
(iii)Inspiratory reserve volume	1200 ml
(iv)Inspiratory capacity	4500 ml

Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?

(ii)2500 ml,(iii)4500 ml,
(iii)1200 ml,(iv)2500 ml,
(iv)3500 ml,(i)1200 ml,
(i)4500 ml,(ii)3500 ml

Solution

Questions contain STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason).Question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
Statement 1 :Symptoms of emphysema develops when a person living on plains ascends and stays on a mountain.
Statement 2 : Air pressure and partial pressure of oxygen falls with the rise in altitude.

Statement- 1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement -1
Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
Statement - 1 is True, Statement- 2 is False
Both the Statements are False.

Solution

When a person living on plains ascend and stays on a mountain above 8000 feet from the sea level, he develops symptoms of mountain sickness which includes breathlessness, headache, dizziness, irritability, nausea,vomiting, mental fatigue and a bluish ting on the skin,nails and lips. The rise in altitude, consequently lowers the partial pressure of oxygen. This lowers the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen which causes reduction in the diffusion of oxygen from the alveolar air to the blood. so oxygenation of blood is decreased progressively, which produces the symptoms of mountain sickness,Emphysema.

Questions contain STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason).Question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
Statement 1 : Forceful expiration occurs through expiratory muscles.
Statement 2 : Expiratory muscles expires quickly.

Statement- 1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement -1
Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
Statement - 1 is True, Statement- 2 is False
Both the Statements are False.

Solution

In forceful expiration requiring effort, a different group of inter costal and some abdominal muscles contract to reduce the volume of thorax more than that in ordinary respiration. So, a larger volume of air is breathed out, such muscles are called expiratory muscles.

Statements
(1)Carbonic anhydrase is present in the erythrocytes.
(2)In erythrocytes the carbon dioxide combine with water and is transported.

Statement (1) is correct and is responsible for statement(2)
Statement (1) is not correct but statement (2) is correct
Both statement (1) and (2) are wrong
Statement (1) is correct but not involved in statement 2

Which of the following statements are true/false ?
(1)The blood transports CO₂ comparatively easily because of its higher solubility.
(2)Approximately 8.9% of CO₂ is transported being dissolved in the plasma of blood.
(3)The carbon dioxide produced by the tissues,diffuses passively into the blood stream and passes into red blood corpsucles and react with water to form H₂CO₃.
(4)The oxyhaemoglobin (HbO₂) of the erythrocytes is basic.
(5)The chloride ions diffuse from plasma into the erythrocytes to maintain ionic balance.

(1), (3) and (5) are true, (2) and (4) are false.
(1), (3) and (5) are false, (2) and (4) are true.
(1), (2) and (4) are true, (3) and (5) are false.
(1), (2) and (4) are false, (3) and (5) are true.

Which two of the following changes (a – d) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes(3,500 m or more)?
(1)Increase in red blood cell size
(2)Increase in red blood cell production
(3)Increased breathing rate
(4)Increase in thrombocyte count

(2) and (3)
(3) and (4)
(1) and (4)
(1) and (2)

Solution

At high altitude, the body undergoes numerous changes in order to increase oxygen delivery to cells and improve the efficiency of oxygen usage. The early changes include increased breathing rate and increased red blood cell production.

The relative proportion between the volume of CO₂ released and O₂ absorbed in respiration is termed as

Respiratory exchange
Respiratory quotient
Respiratory phase
None of the above

Solution

Which one of the following has the smallest diameter ?

Right primary bronchus
Left primary bronchus
Trachea
Respiratory bronchiole

Identify the correct statement with reference to transport of respiratory gases by blood

Haemoglobin is necessary for transport of carbon dioxide and carbonic anhydrase for transport of oxygen
Haemoglobin is necessary for transport of oxygen and carbonic anhydrase for transport of carbon dioxide
Only oxygen is transported by blood
Only carbon dioxide is transported by blood

Capacity of human lung is

3000 ml
1500 ml
1000 ml
500 ml

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