ATP
1.has high energy containing first phosphate bond.
2.is produced by oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation.
3.acts as energy mediator in the cell.
4.has low energy containing second and third phosphate bond.

(1), (2) and (3)
(1) and (2)
(2) and (4)
(1) and (3)

In plants energy is produced during the process of –

Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Respiration
Water absorption

A very important feature of respiration is that –

It liberates energy
It provides O₂
Utilize CO₂
Synthesize complex compounds

What is the function of molecular oxygen in cellular respiration?

It causes the breakdown of citric acid.
To combine with glucose to produce carbon dioxide.
To combine with carbon from organic molecules to produce carbon dioxide.
To combine with hydrogen from organic molecules to produce water.

Solution

The oxygen obtained from cellular respiration combines with the hydrogen obtained from the oxidation of organic molecules to form water.

Sugars are not as goodas fats as a source of energy for cellular respiration, because sugars

produce toxic amino groups when broken down.
contain more hydrogen.
usually bypass glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
contain fewer hydrogen atoms and electrons.

Solution

Fats make more electrons available to the electron transport system and more hydrogen ions available for chemiosmosis.

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they are shifted from an environment containing O₂ to an an aerobic environment, they must

produce more ATP per mole of glucose during glycolysis.
produce ATP during oxidation of glucose.
increase the rate of glycolysis.
increase the rate of TCA cycle.

The major reason that glycolysis is not as energy productive as respiration is that

NAD⁺ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production,without the high-energy electrons passing through the electron transport chain.
it is the pathway common to fermentation and respiration.
it does not take place in a specialized membrane-bound organelle.
pyruvate is more reduced than CO₂; it still contains much of the energy from glucose.

Protein is usedas respiratory substrate only when

Carbohydrates are absent
Fats areabsent
Both carbohydrates and fats are exhausted
Fats and carbohydrates are abundant

Solution

Primary respiratory substrate is carbohydrate and secondary respiratory substrate is fat.

Apparatus to measure rate of respiration and R.Q. is

auxanometer
potometer
respirometer
manometer

Conversion of pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol is mediated by –

Catalase
Phosphatase
Dehydrogenase
Decarboxylase & dehydrogenase

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