Consider the statements given below regarding contraception and answer as directed there after:

1. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) during first trimester is generally safe.

2. Generally chances of conception are nil until mother breast-feeds the infant upto two years.

3. Intrauterine devices like copper-T are effective contraceptives.

4. Contraception pills may be taken upto one week after coitus to prevent conception.

Which two of the above statements are correct?

Match Column -I with Column – II.

Match Column – I with Column – II.

Column I Method	Column II Mode of Action
A. The pill	1. Prevents sperms reaching cervix
B. Condom	2. Prevents implantation
C. Vasectomy	3. Prevents ovulation
D. Copper T	4. Semen contains no sperms

The accompanying diagram shows the uterine tubes of four women (P,Q,R and S).

In which two women is fertilization impossible at present ?

The stage transferred into the uterus after induced fertilization of ova in the laboratory is:

Solution

In Intra-Uterine Transfer (IUT) embryo with more than 8-blastomeres stage (morula) is used for transfer into the uterus.

Which one of the following statements is correct regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)?

The chances of a 5 year boy contacting a STD are very little
A person may contact syphilis by sharing milk with one already suffering from the disease
Haemophilia is one of the STD
Genital herpes and sickle-cell anaemia are both STD

Solution

STDs are more common in 15-24 years age group. Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B and AIDS are some of the common STDs. Haemophilia is sex-linked recessive disease, which show its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of male progeny. Sickle cell anaemia is an autoimmune linked recessive trait in which both the partners are carrier for the gene.

One of the following is not a method of contraception – which one?

Solution

Oxytocin is birth hormone and acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes and reduces loss of water through urine. Hence, it is also called as anti-diuretic hormone(ADH).

Artificial insemination mean:

Solution

In Artificial Insemination (AI) technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI – intrauterine insemination) of the female.

One of the legal methods of birth control is :

Solution

Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion become legal in India from 1971 with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are important to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported to be high in India. All the other options are of natural methods of contraception.

Which of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis?

Solution

Jaundice cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis. It is a foetal sex determination test based on chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. It is now legally ban in India.

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