Amniocentesis involves prenatal diagnosis of metabolic error and other genetic abnormalities.

Copper ‘T’ is an intrauterine device which prevents the fertilized egg becoming implanted in the wall of the womb.

Cu ions released by copper releasing intra uterine devices suppresses sperm motility.

Intra-uterine devices are inserted by doctors in the uterus through vagina. They are available as the non-medicated IUDs, copper releasing IUDs and hormone releasing IUDs.

Intra uterine device (IUD) is a method of contraception in India. The IUD is inserted in the woman’s uterus through the cervix.

Medical termination of pregnancy is considered safe up to twelve weeks of pregnancy.

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females who cannot produce an ovum. In this process, the eggs of the donor woman are removed and in a form of mixture with sperm transferred into fallopian tube of another woman who cannot produce ovum, but can provide suitable environment for fertilization. Thus in GIFT, site of fertilization is fallopian tube, not laboratory.

The figure shows the tubectomy. This is a surgical method to prevent pregnancy in women. In tubectomy small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied through a small cut in the abdomen or through vagina. It is very effective method but reversibility is very poor.

Test-tube baby programme employs zygote intrafallopion transfer (ZIFT) technique. In this technique fusion of ovum and sperm is done outside the body of woman to formzygote which is allowed to divide forming 8 blastomeres, then it is transferred the fallopion tube of the woman.