An assocation between two individuals or population where both the benefitted and where neither can survive without the other is

Commensalism
Amensalism
Proto-cooperation
Mutualism

Small fish get stuck near the bottom of a shark and derives its nutrition from it. This kind of association is called as

Symbiosis
Commensalism
Predation
Parasitism

Solution

Commensalism is an association between 2 organisms in which one is benefitted without the other being harmed e.g., Sucker fish has a hold fast and attached itself underside of shark and thus remains protected and also get food left over when shark is feeding on its prey.

The foraging, reproductive and migratory activities of the organisms are primarily dependent upon

Light
Temperature
Water
Soil

The relationship between hermit crab and sea anemone is

symbiosis
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism

Solution

Commensalism is a relationship between organism and its host in which the host neither benefits nor suffers from the association, e.g., hermit crab and sea anemone.

DIRECTIONS : This question contain STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason) and has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

Statement 1 : No two species can occupy the same ecological niche in a habitat.

Statement 2 : A habitat can contain only on ecological niche.

Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True, Statement - 2 is a correct explanation for Statement - 1
Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True; Statement - 2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is False
Both the Statements are False.

Solution

The place where an organism lives is called its habitat.Habitats are characterised by conspicuous physical features, which may include the dominant forms of plant and animal life. Habitat may also refer to the place occupied by an entire biological community. For example, a large number of species are found in a forest habitat. On the other hand, the ecological niche of an organism represents (i) the range of conditions it can tolerate (ii) the resources it utilises, and (iii) its functional role in the ecological system. A habitat can contain many ecological niches and support a variety of species. Each species has a distinct niche, and no two species are believed to occupy exactly the same niche.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(1) In a population growth rate curve the lag phase represents the period when a population is adjusting to a new environment.

(2) In a population growth rate curve the steepest part of growth phase represents the period when a population is growing exponentailly.

(3) In the stationary phase of a population growth rate curve the population is in dynamic equilibrium.

(4) Human have changed the carrying capacity of the earth.

All of these
(1), (2) and (3)
(2) and (3)
(1) and (4)

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(1) Organisms living in oceans, lakes and rivers do not face any water-related problems

(2) Euryhaline can tolerate a wide range of salinities

(3) Stenohaline are restricted to a narrow range of salinities

(4) No fresh water animals cannot live for long in sea water but sea animals can live in fresh water for long time because of osmotic balance

All are correct
All are false
Only (4)
(1), (3) and (4)

A → (2); B → (3); C → (4); D → (1)
A → (4); B → (1); C → (3); D → (2)
A → (3); B → (2); C → (4); D → (1)
A → (2); B → (3); C → (1); D → (4)

Solution

The texture of soil is determined by the proportions of particles of different sizes. Coarse sand particles are of 0.2 to 2.00 mm in size; 0.002 to 0.02 particles represent silt and particles smaller than 0.002 mm are called clay.

A → (1); B → (2); C → (3); D → (4)
A → (4); B → (3); C → (2); D → (1)
A → (2); B → (3); C → (1); D → (4)
A → (4); B → (2); C → (3); D → (1)

In laboratory experiments, two species of the protist Paramecium were grown alone and in the presence of the other species. The following graphs show growth of species 1 (left) and species 2 (right), both along and when in mixed culture.

Interpretation of these graphs shows that –

competitive exclusion occurred in the these experiments.
both species are affected by inter specific competition but species 1 is affect less.
both species are affected by inter specific competition but species 2 is affected less.
both species are affected equally by interspecific competition

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