Refer the given flow chart of the mode of action of AIDS virus and answer the following questions. Identify the labelled sequences A, B, C and D.

A - Viral DNA introduced into cell; B - Viral DNA; C - Viral DNA incorporates into host RNA; D - New viral RNA produced
A - Viral RNA introduced into cell; B - Viral RNA; C - Viral DNA incorporates into host DNA; D - New viral DNA produced
A - Viral RNA introduced into cell; B - Viral DNA; C - Viral DNA incorporates into host DNA; D - New viral RNA produced
A -Viral DNA introduced into cell; B -Viral RNA;C - Viral RNA incorporates into host DNA; D - Newviral DNA produced

Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive drug is produced by:

If the person shows the production of interferons in his body,chances are that he is suffering from:

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to immunity?

Solution

Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake. It is also a type of immunization which is called as passive immunization. Antibodies, produced by B-cells, are typically made of basic structural units—each with two large heavy chains and two small light chains. B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction by, for example, marking them more recognizable to phagocytic cells. Rejection of a kidney graft is not a function of B lymphocyte.

Which one of the following acts as a physiological barrier to the entry of micro-organisms in human body ?

Solution

Skin has a metabolic function to prevent non- resident bacteria from developing.

Identify the molecules (a) and (b) shown below and select the right option giving their source and use.

Solution

Molecule (a) represents structure of morphine. Morphine is the most abundant alkaloid found in opium, the dried sap (latex) derived from shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods of the opium, or common and/or edible, poppy Papaver somniferum. Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain.

In which one of the following options the two examples are correctly matched with their particular type of immunity

Solution

Polymorphonuclear leukoytes named so, as they have multilobed nucleus or neutrophils and monoytes are the cellular barrier provide innate or nonspecific immunity. Cellular barriers are the internal defence or second live of defence.

Common cold differs from pneumonia in,that :

Pneumonia is a communicable disease whereas the common cold is a nutritional deficiency disease.
Pneumonia can be prevented by a live attenuated bacterial vaccine whereas the common cold has no effective vaccine.
Pneumonia is caused by a virus while the common cold is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae.
Pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs.

Solution

Common cold is most infectious viral disease caused by Rhino viruses which is transmitted through inhalation of droplets from infected person or through contaminated objects. Pneumonia is a bacterial disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophillus influenzae. This serious disease of lungs spread by sputum of the patient.

Select the correct statement with respect to diseases and immunisation.

If due to some reason B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged,the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen
Injection of dead / inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity
Certain protozoans have been used to mass produce hepatitis B vaccine.
Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation

Solution

B and T-lymphocytes produce antibodies against pathogen in the body,if due to some reason Band T lymphocytes are damaged the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen. Each B cell and T cell is specific for a particular antigen.

Which one of the following option gives the correct matching of a disease with its causative organism and mode of infection?

Solution

Pneumonia disease is spreaded by the organism Streptococcus pneumoniae and the mode of infection is by droplet infection.

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