The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called :

convergent evolution
non-random evolution
adaptive radiation
natural selection

Solution

The wings is a classic example of convergent evolution. Flying insects, birds and bats same all evolved the capacity of flight independently. All four serve the same function and are similar in structure but an atomically different.

The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of:

Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.
Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.
Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.
Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.

Solution

The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar functions. This is an example of analogous organs. Analogous organs have evolved due to convergent evolution. Analogous organs have developed in the evolutionary process through adaptation of quite different organisms to similar mode of life.

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