Match Column I with Column II

Column I	Column II
A. Panspermia theory	1. Proteinoids
B. Sidney Fox	2. Processing of 26S rRNA of Tetrahymena
C. Eugenote	3. Precipitated hydrous ferric oxide
D. Transesterification	4. Meteorites
E. Red beds	5. Earliest cell containing a genome

A → (4); B → (1); C → (5); D → (2); E → (3)
A → (3); B → (1); C → (4); D → (2); E → (5)
A → (1); B → (3); C → (4); D → (5); E → (2)
A → (2); B → (1); C → (3); D → (4); E → (5)

Match Column I with Column II

Column I Name of the Scientist	Column II Contributions
A. Charles Darwin	1. Mutation theory
B. Lamarck	2. Germ plasm theory
C. Hugo De Vries	3. Philosophie Zoologique
D. Ernst Haeckel	4. The Origin of species
E. August Weismann	5. Biogenetic law
	6. Essay on population

A → (4); B → (3); C → (1); D → (5); E → (2)
A → (4); B → (3); C → (5); D → (1); E → (6)
A → (4); B → (6); C → (5); D → (3); E → (1)
A → (2); B → (3); C → (1); D → (5); E → (2)

Following diagram provides an example of

Convergent evolution
Parallel evolution
Recapitulation
Divergent evolution

The diagram below shows undisturbed sedimentary strata at the bottom of an ocean. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A. This similarity suggests that

the fossils in layer B were formed before the fossils in layer A
modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life
vertebrate fossils are only found in sediments
the fossils in layer A must be more complex than those in layer B

The diagram represents Miller’s experiment. Choose the correct combination of labelling.

A – electrodes, B – NH₃ + H₂ + H₂O + CH₄, C – cold water, D – vacuum, E – U trap
A – electrodes, B – NH₄ + H₂ + CO₂ + CH₃, C – hot water, D – vacuum, E – U trap
A – electrodes, B – NH₃ + H₂O, C – hot water, D – tap, E – U trap
A – electrodes, B – NH₃ + H₂ + H₂O + CH₄, C – steam, D – vacuum, E – U trap

Dinosaurs dominated the world in which of the following geological era?

Devonion
Coenozoic
Jurassic
Mesozoic

Solution

Dinosaurs dominated the world in mesozoic era. In Triassic period, giant reptiles (dinosaurs) emerged. In Jurassic period, dinosaurs diversified and abundant(golden age of dinosaurs) and in cretaceous period, mass extinction of dinosaurs occurred.

The finch species of Galapagos Islands are grouped according to their food sources. Which of the following is not a finch food?

Seeds
Carrion
Insects
Tree buds

Solution

Darwin observed an amazing diversity of creatures on galapagos islands. He realised that there were many varieties of finches in the same island like seed-eating, with altered beaks insectivorous and vegetarian finches. Carrion are dead bodies. No finches feed on carrion.

Random unidirectional change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance in all populations and especially in small populations is known as:

Mutation
Migration
Natural selection
Genetic drift

Solution

Genetic drift is random change in allele number and frequency in a gene pool due to chance (e.g., small sizeof population). It is caused by sampling error or error in gene pool sample that is to form the next generation.The sampling gene pool is generally small in size. Variability is also limited.

According to Darwin, The organic evolution is due to:

inter specific competition
competition within closely related species
reduced feeding efficiency in one species
intraspecific competition

Solution

According to Darwin the organic evolution is due to intraspecific competition. Individuals of same species have variation in characteristics. Those characteristics which enable some to survive better in natural conditions(climate, food, physical factors etc.) would out breed others that are less-endowed to survive under such natural conditions. There, therefore, will survive more and hence are selected by nature .He called it natural selection and implied it as a mechanism of evolution.

Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural section. The is referred to as:

genetic drift
random mating
genetic load
genetic flow

Solution

Genetic drift is variation in gene frequencies within population scan occur by chance rather than by natural selection, sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the new sample of population that they become a different species. The original drifted population becomes founders and the effect is called founder effect.

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