Which one of the following option is incorrect?

The majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents are in the genus nucleopoly-hedrovirus.
Nucleopolyhedrovirus are excellent model for broad-spectrum insecticidal applications.
Nucleopolyhedrovirus have no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds, fish or even on non-target insects.
This is especially desirable when beneficial insects are being conserved to aid in an overall IPM programme.

RNA interference involves

Solution

RNAi is a method of cellular defense in all eukaryotes. It is a system within living cells that helps to control the activity of specific genes. This method involves silencing of mRNA due to complementary double stranded RNA that prevents translation of target gene or mRNA[silencing]. Source of ds RNA is retrovirus (having RNA genome) or transposons (mobile genetic material).

During the process of isolation of DNA, chilled ethanol is added to

Solution

Ethanol is non-polar molecule while DNA is a polar molecule,it has a net negative charge due to the phosphate groups attached to it. When DNA is placed into a solution of 100% ethanol, it becomes insoluble and precipitates out of solution.

Which one of the following vectors is used to replace the defective gene in gene therapy?

Solution

Adenovirus is non-enveloped dsDNA virus which cause respiratory diseases. Adenovirus is used as a vehicle to administer targeted therapy in the form of recombinant DNA or protein. Specific modifications on fibre proteins are used to target adenovirus to certain cell types, a major effort is made to limit hepatotoxicity and prevent multiple organ failure.

Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?

Solution

Bt cotton is being grown in India by the farmers. Bt cotton is pest resistant plant which could decreased the pesticides used. Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium Bacillus thusringiensis(Bt for short). Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides.

Which one of the following is a correct statement?

"Bt" in "Bt-cotton" indicates that it is a genetically modified organism produced through biotechnology
Somatic hybridization involves fusion of two complete plant cells carrying desired genes
The anticoagulant hirudin is being produced from transgenic Brassica napus seeds
"Flavr Savr" variety of tomato has enhanced the production of ethylene which improves its taste

Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals which contain insecticidal protein.

Solution

Bacillus thuringiensis produces a large amount of crystalline protein during sporulation. In the cell toxins are formed along with the spore and are referred to as parasporal body. The bacteria are capable of entering the insect’s blood and using the host insect to reproduce. The proteins from ingested spores are activated by gut,high pH and the polypeptide toxins destroy gut epithelial cells and kill the pest.

Silencing of mRNA has been used in producing transgenic plants resistant to:

Solution

In this technique nematode specific genes are introduced in the host plant in such a way that it produces both sense and antisense RNA. The two RNA’s being complementary to each other from a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) which is also called interfering RNA responsible for initiating RNA interference (RNA i). This(dsRNA) bind to and prevent translation of specific mRNA of nematode (gene silencing). Thus transgenic plants based on RNAi technology are resistant to nematode.

Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of :

Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are:

Solution

Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into cotton plant to form a genetically modified crop called Bt cotton. Bt cotton has high yield and resistance to bollworms.

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