Which of the following diet instructions should be given to the client with recurring urinary tract infections?
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Solution
Answer D is correct. Cranberry juice is more alkaline and, when metabolized by the body, is excreted with acidic urine. Bacteria does not grow freely in acidic urine. Answer A, increasing intake of meats, is not associated with urinary tract infections. Answer B is incorrect because the client does not have to avoid citrus fruits. Pericare should be done, but not with hydrogen peroxide, so answer C is incorrect.
The client with enuresis is being taught regarding bladder retraining. The nurse should advise the client to refrain from drinking after:
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Solution
Answer A is correct. Clients who are being retrained for bladder control should be taught to withhold fluids after about 7 p.m., or 1900. The other hours are too early in the day, so answers B, C, and D are incorrect.
The client with a pacemaker should be taught to:
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Solution
Answer D is correct. The client with a pacemaker should be taught to count and record his pulse rate. Answer A is incorrect because ankle edema is a sign of rightsided congestive heart failure, not pacemaker malfunction. Although this is not normal, it is often present in clients with heart disease. If the edema is present in the hands and face, it should be reported. Answer B is incorrect because checking the blood pressure daily is not necessary for these clients. The client with a pacemaker can use a microwave oven, but he should stand about 5 feet from the oven while it is operating; thus, answer C is incorrect.
The client with colorblindness will most likely have problems distinguishing which of the following colors?
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Solution
Answer B is correct. Clients with colorblindness will most likely have problems distinguishing violets, blues, and greens. The other colors are less commonly affected, so answers A, C, and D are incorrect.
A client with a severe corneal ulcer has an order for Gentamycin gtt. q 4 hours and Neomycin 1 gtt q 4 hours. Which of the following schedules should be used when administering the drops?
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Solution
Answer A is correct. When using eyedrops, allow 5 minutes between medications. Answer B is incorrect because the two medications should not be used simultaneously. Answer C is incorrect because there is no need for the client to also use a cycloplegic. Answer D is incorrect because these drugs can be used by the same client.
A client who has glaucoma is to have miotic eyedrops instilled in both eyes. The nurse knows that the purpose of the medication is to:
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Solution
Answer C is correct. Miotic eyedrops constrict the pupil and allow aqueous humor to drain out of the Canal of Schlemm. Answer A is incorrect because miotics do not anesthetize the cornea. Answer B is incorrect because miotics do not dilate the pupil; they constrict the pupil. Answer D is incorrect because miotics do not paralyze the muscles of the eye.
Cataracts result in opacity of the crystalline lens. Which of the following best explains the functions of the lens?
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Solution
Answer C is correct. The lens allows light to pass through the pupil and focus light on the retina. The lens does not stimulate the retina (answer A), assist with eye movement (answer B), or magnify small objects (answer D).
A client with cystic fibrosis is taking pancreatic enzymes. The nurse should administer this medication:
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Solution
Answer B is correct. Pancreatic enzymes should be given with meals for optimal effects. These enzymes assist the body to digest needed nutrients. Answers A, C, and D are incorrect methods of administering pancreatic enzymes.
The nurse should visit which of the following clients first?
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Solution
Answer C is correct. The client with chest pain should be seen first because this could indicate a myocardial infarction. The client in answer A has a blood glucose within normal limits. The client in answer B is maintained on blood pressure medication. The client in answer D is in no distress.
The nurse is caring for the client receiving Amphotericin B. Which of the following indicates that the client has experienced toxicity to this drug?
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Solution
Answer D is correct. Clients taking Amphotericin B should be monitored for liver, renal, and bone marrow function because this drug is toxic to the kidneys and liver, and causes bone marrow suppression. Jaundice is a sign of liver toxicity. Answer A is incorrect because changes in vision are not related. Answer B is incorrect because nausea is a side effect, not a sign of toxicity, nor is urinary frequency. Answer C is incorrect because urinary frequency is not a sign of toxicity to Amphotericin B.