A full-term male has hypospadias. Which statement describes hypospadias?
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Solution
Answer B is correct. Hypospadia is a condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal side of the penis. Answer A is incorrect because there is an opening. Answer C is incorrect because the penis is the correct size. Answer D is incorrect because the opening is on the dorsal side, not the ventral side.
A pregnant client with a history of alcohol addiction is scheduled for a nonstress test. The nonstress test:
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Solution
Answer B is correct. A nonstress test is done to evaluate periodic movements of the fetus. It is not done to evaluate lung maturity. Answer A is incorrect because a nonstress test does not measure lung maturity. An oxytocin challenge test shows the effect of contractions on fetal heart rate; this makes answer C incorrect. A nonstress test does not measure the neurological well-being of the fetus, so answer D is incorrect.
An infant who weighs 8 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at 1 year?
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Solution
Answer D is correct. By 1 year of age, the infant is expected to triple his birth weight. Answers A, B, and C are incorrect because these weights are too low.
A client with diabetes has an order for ultrasonography. Preparation for an ultrasound includes:
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Solution
Answer A is correct. Before ultrasonography, the client should be taught to drink plenty of fluids and not void. The client may ambulate, so answer B is incorrect. An enema is not needed, and there is no need to withhold food for 8 hours, so answers C and D are incorrect.
A client with sickle cell anemia is admitted to the labor and delivery unit during the first phase of labor. The nurse should anticipate the client’s need for:
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Solution
Answer A is correct. Clients with sickle cell crises are treated with heat, hydration, oxygen, and pain relief. Fluids are increased, not decreased, so answer B is incorrect. Answer C is incorrect because blood transfusions are usually not required. Answer D is incorrect because these clients can be delivered vaginally.
The nurse is responsible for performing a neonatal assessment on a full-term infant. At 1 minute, the nurse could expect to find:
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Solution
Answer C is correct. Cyanosis of the feet and hands is acrocyanosis. This is a normal finding 1 minute after birth. Answers A and B are incorrect because an apical pulse should be 120–160 and the baby should have muscle tone. Jaundice immediately after birth is pathological jaundice and is abnormal, so answer D is incorrect.
A client with hypothyroidism asks the nurse if she will still need to take thyroid medication during the pregnancy. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that:
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Solution
Answer B is correct. During pregnancy, the thyroid gland triples in size. This makes it more difficult to regulate thyroid medication. Answer A is incorrect because there might be a need for thyroid medication during pregnancy. Answer C is incorrect because the thyroid function does not slow. Answer D is incorrect because fetal growth is not arrested if thyroid medication is continued.
A pregnant client, age 32, asks the nurse why her doctor has recommended a serum alpha fetoprotein. The nurse should explain that the doctor has recommended the test:
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Solution
Answer D is correct. Alpha fetoprotein is a screening test done to detect neural tube defects such as spina bifida. The test is not mandatory, as stated in answer A; it does not indicate cardiovascular defects, as suggested in answer B; and her age has no bearing on the need for the test, as suggested in answer C.
Which statement describes the inheritance pattern of autosomal recessive disorders?
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Solution
Answer C is correct. Autosomal recessive disorders can be passed from the parents to the infant if each parent passes the defective gene. If both parents pass the trait, the child will get two abnormal genes, and the disease results. The parents can also pass the trait to the infant. Answer A is incorrect because, to have an affected newborn, the parents must be carriers. Answer B is incorrect because both parents must be carriers. Answer D is incorrect because the parents can have affected children.
A client with preeclampsia has been receiving an infusion containing magnesium sulfate. Blood pressure is 160/80, deep tendon reflexes are 1 plus, and urinary output for the past hour is 100mL. The nurse should:
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Solution
Answer A is correct. The client’s blood pressure is within normal limits. The urinary output is also within normal limits. The only alteration from normal is the decreased deep tendon reflexes. The nurse should continue to monitor the blood pressure and check the magnesium level. The therapeutic level is 4.8–9.6mg/dL. There is no need to stop the infusion at this time or slow the rate, as stated in answers B and C. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate, but there is no data to indicate toxicity, so answer D is incorrect.