It is considered as the bluntly rounded portion of the heart
-
Solution
Apex
Option D: The blunt, rounded point of the heart is the apex.
Option A: The larger, flat portion at the opposite is the base.
Option B: The pericardium is also called the pericardial sac. It has a fibrous outer layer and a thin inner layer that surrounds the heart.
Option C: The aorta is the largest artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Mr. and Mrs. Baker’s only daughter is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate to promote optimal nutrition for the infant?
-
Solution
Replacing regular nipples with easy-to-suck ones
Option A: The nurse should replace regular nipples with easy-to-suck-ones because the infant may tire instantly with regular nipples and thus would not be able to suck sufficiently.
Options B, C: Also to prevent tiring, small frequent feedings lasting no more than 45 minutes, rather than large evenly spaced feedings or ones lasting longer than 1 hour, should be given.
Option D: Typically, the infant receives a low-sodium, high-calorie diet.
Appropriate intervention is vital for many children with heart disease in order to go on to live active, full lives. Which of the following outlines an effective nursing intervention to decrease cardiac demands and minimize cardiac workload?
-
Solution
Scheduling care to provide for uninterrupted rest periods
Option C: Organizing nursing care to provide for uninterrupted periods of sleep reduces cardiac demand.
Option A: Feeding time should be restricted to a maximum of 45 minutes or discontinued sooner if the infant tires.
Option B: In an attempt to get her own way, the child may cry. Excessive crying should be limited; however, appropriate limit setting should still be observed.
Option D: Developing and implementing a consistent care plan can be important, but it is not related to decreasing cardiac demands or workload.
Which of the following would Nurse Tony suppose to regard as a cardinal manifestation or symptom of digoxin toxicity to his patient Clay diagnosed with heart failure?
-
Solution
Extreme bradycardia
Option C: Extreme bradycardia is a cardinal sign of digoxin toxicity
Options A, B, D: Headache, respiratory distress, and constipation are not related to digoxin toxicity.
Which of the following instructions would Nurse Courtney include in a teaching plan that focuses on initial prevention for Sheri who is diagnosed with rheumatic fever?
-
Solution
Treating streptococcal throat infections with an antibiotic
Option A: Rheumatoid fever results from improperly treated group beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections, usually pharyngitis. Therefore, prompt treatment of streptococcal throat infections with an antibiotic is a key preventive measure.
Option B: Initial prevention is not possible once the child has rheumatic fever. However, the child will be treated with penicillin to prevent a recurrence of streptococcal infections.
Option C: A corticosteroid may be used to reduce inflammation during treatment of rheumatic fever, not as a preventive measure.
Option D: An antibiotic is given to children with cardiac disease to prevent carditis, not rheumatic fever.
Bryce is a child diagnosed with coarctation of aorta. While assessing him, Nurse Zach would expect to find which of the following?
-
Solution
Absent or diminished femoral pulses
Option B: Absent or diminished femoral pulse is a classic characteristic of coarctation of aorta.
Option C: Severe cyanosis at birth is seen in such defects as transposition of the great vessels.
Options A, D: Tet episodes and squatting are characteristic of tetralogy of Fallot.
When creating a teaching program for the parents of Jessica who is diagnosed with pulmonic stenosis (PS), Nurse Alex would keep in mind that this disorder involves which of the following?
-
Solution
Obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle
Option C: PS refers to an obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle.
Option A: Truncus arteriosus involves a single vessel arising from both ventricles.
Option D: Total anomalous pulmonary venous communications involve the return of blood to the heart without entry into the left atrium and obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle.
The Foley Family is caring for their youngest child, Justin, who is suffering from tetralogy of Fallot. Which of the following are defects associated with this congenital heart condition?
-
Solution
Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis (PS), and right ventricular hypertrophy
Option B: The defects associated with tetralogy of Fallot include ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis (PS), and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Option A: The aorta exiting from the right ventricle with no communication between the systemic and pulmonic circulation describes the defects associated with transposition of the great vessels.
Option C: Coarctation of aorta and aortic and mitral valve stenosis are defects associated with tricuspid atresia. Severe coarctation of aorta, severe aortic valvular stenosis or atresia, and severe mitral valve stenosis or atresia are defects associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Option D: Also, the left ventricle, aortic valve, mitral valve, and ascending aorta usually are small or hypoplastic.
Clay is an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following shows that he is strictly following the directed therapeutic regimen?
-
Solution
Normal weight for age
Option C: Adequate weight for height demonstrates adequate nutritional intake and lack of edema.
Option A: Daily use of antibiotic is not indicated in heart failure.
Option B: A pulse rate less than 50 beats/minute, bradycardia, probably indicates digoxin toxicity.
Option D: An elevated RBC count demonstrates polycythemia.
A 5-year-old girl Hannah is recently diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. Apart from the identified symptoms of the disease, she may also likely develop which of the following?
-
Solution
Aneurysm formation
Option D: Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood illness that affects the blood vessels. 20% to 25% of children can develop aneurysm formation if not intervened. Treatment depends on the degree of the disease, but is often immediate treatment with IV gamma globulin or aspirin. Corticosteroids can sometimes lessen impending complications. Children who experience the disease usually need lifelong follow-up appointments to keep an eye on heart health.