Which type of research study can be affected by detracting values of the researcher?
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Solution
The values of the researcher must be acknowledged in qualitative research (A). The values of the researcher must be acknowledged in naturalistic research (B). The values of the researcher must be acknowledged in qualitative research (C).
Which type of research allows researchers to be neutral observers?
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Solution
In qualitative research, researchers are never considered neutral (A). In ethnography, a type of qualitative research, researchers are never considered neutral (B). In case studies, a type of qualitative research, researchers are never considered neutral (D).
Which paradigm provides the basis for qualitative research?
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Solution
The paradigm that provides the basis for qualitative research is constructivism.
Which of the following are consistent with the constructivist paradigm? Select all that apply.
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Solution
Answer: A, C
Which beliefs guide the constructivist paradigm? Select all that apply.
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Solution
Answer: A, D
Which of the following could be considered the “context” of a study? Select all that apply.
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Solution
Answer: A, B
The following are considered steps in the qualitative research process, except?
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Solution
A hypothesis is the tool of quantitative studies, and is only found in such studies.
The nurse develops the following hypothesis: Elderly women receive less aggressive treatment for breast cancer than do younger women. Which variable would be considered to be the independent variable?
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Solution
The age of the patient would be the independent variable.
The nurse develops the following hypothesis: Elderly women receive less aggressive treatment for breast cancer than do younger women. Which variable would be considered to be the dependent variable?
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Solution
The degree of treatment received is considered the dependent variable.
A researcher wants to discover why patients of certain ethnic backgrounds are reluctant to ask for pain medication. Because there are little data in the literature on this topic, the researcher designs a study to explore the relationships between cultural belief systems, the experience of pain, and the effective use of medication to relieve pain. The researcher plans to use the findings of this study to formulate hypotheses for a future study. What is a characteristic of this study?
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Solution
Not enough is known in this area at this time to formulate hypotheses, so the researcher will conduct this qualitative study and use the findings to generate hypotheses for future studies. This is a qualitative study, not a quasi-experimental study. Level II evidence is obtained from at least one well-designed randomized, controlled trial. This study has no hypothesis.