Which level is characteristic of the strength of the evidence provided by the results of a quasi-experimental study?
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Solution
Evidence provided by quasi-experimental studies is level III. Level I evidence is obtained from a systematic review of all randomized, controlled trials. Level II evidence is obtained from at least one well-designed randomized, controlled trial. Level IV evidence is obtained from nonexperimental studies.
When will a null hypothesis be rejected?
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Solution
Because the null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables, it is rejected if they are related.
What is a characteristic of a statistical hypothesis?
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Solution
Statistical hypotheses, called null hypotheses, state that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Which research hypothesis is most testable?
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Solution
This hypothesis meets the criteria of testability.
When should a hypothesis be developed by the researcher during the research process?
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Solution
The hypothesis is developed after development of the research question.
What is a characteristic of a hypothesis?
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Solution
A hypothesis implies a causative or associative relationship. A hypothesis guides the research design and collection of data (A). Operational definitions are not included in the hypothesis (B). The hypothesis indicates the dependent variable (C).
Which statement is most accurate regarding hypotheses?
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Solution
Hypotheses are statements about the relationships between two or more variables that suggest an answer to the research question. Hypotheses are not concerned with operationally defining the variables involved in the study (A). The independent variable is not affected or changed by the dependent variable (C). Hypotheses are not concerned with operationally defining the variables involved in the study, including treatments or interventions (D).
What is a characteristic of an independent variable?
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Solution
The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher and has a presumed effect on the dependent variable. It is the dependent variable that is predicted to change (A). The independent variable is presumed to change the dependent variable (B). The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher and is identified at the beginning of the study (D).
A nurse wants to study the effectiveness of meditation on people with anxiety disorder. Which variable would be most relevant to explore in the literature on this topic?
Which one of the following statements about hypotheses is most accurate?
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Solution
Although theories cannot be tested directly, hypotheses provide a bridge between theory and the real world. It is the research question that represents the main idea to be studied (A). Theories cannot be tested directly (C). The research question is also called the problem statement (D).