Which of the following statements is TRUE about monotherapy for treatment of HIV disease?
-
Solution
It appears to cause rapid resistance.
With monotherapy, resistance can emerge within a few months.
The human cells specifically affected by HIV are:
-
Solution
CD4+ T lymphocytes
HIV directly affects CD4+ T lymphocytes.
Which of the following true about protease inhibitors?
-
Solution
Affect replication of HIV at different stage than nucleoside analogs.
Protease inhibitors cleave the viral polyprotein precursors that are essential for the maturation of infectious virus. Nucleosides interfere with replication of HIV by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. Protease inhibitors work best when used in combination with other drugs.
Which choice describes the action of nucleoside analogs?
-
Solution
Exert anti-HIV activity at the reverse transcriptase level and cause premature termination of viral DNA chain synthesis
This choice correctly describes the action of nucleoside analogs.
Which of the following must always be present before beginning antifungal therapy?
-
Solution
Confirmed diagnosis
The diagnosis of fungal infection as opposed to infection caused by virus or bacteria is necessary before beginning therapy with antifungal agents.
Arvic, a 16-year-old student, has acquired systemic fungal infection, he should be treated with:
-
Solution
amphotericin B
Serious life-threatening fungal infections are treated with amphotericin B.
Which of the following nursing diagnoses might occur when administering large parenteral doses of amphotericin B with vancomycin (Vancocin)?
-
Solution
Fluid volume excess
These two drugs are both nephrotoxic, so this nursing diagnosis may result from renal problems.
When administering amphotericin B, which of the following must be used?
-
Solution
A diluent of 5% dextrose with no preservatives
Amphotericin B must be mixed with a solution with no preservatives. The solution is sensitive to light but does not require the infusion to be covered. A micron filter should not be used; if unavoidable, it must be less than 1 μ.
Fluconazole (Diflucan) can be administered to a client with:
-
Solution
Cryptococcal meningitis
Fluconazole (Diflucan) is a drug given for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. A and D are incorrect because pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia are not caused by fungal infections. Oral thrush is treated with a more mild antifungal, such as nystatin.
Antitubercular therapy may be determined ineffective when:
-
Solution
Drug-resistant bacteria emerge.
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria indicates that antitubercular therapy is ineffective because the drug(s) are no longer ending bacterial multiplication.