Which of the following groups of antitubercular agents includes first-line agents?
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Solution
INH, PZA, RIF
INH, PZA, and RIF are used as combination first-line agents.
Changes in visual acuity and color perception are associated with treatment by which of the following agents?
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Solution
ETH (ethambutol)
Ethambutol will cause changes in visual acuity and color perception. Remember “E” for ethambutol and eyes. Peripheral neuropathy is a side effect associated with INH. Gout is a side effect associated with pyrazinamide. Ototoxicity may occur with streptomycin.
In treatment of tuberculosis, the therapeutic rationale for combination drug therapy is to:
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Solution
Decrease emergence of drug-resistance restraints.
Combination therapy helps decrease the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Multiple drugs usually increase cost and reduce compliance. Multiple drugs increase cumulative effects. Blood dyscrasias would be an untoward effect not a desired effect.
Antonietta is taking antituberculars, the most common adverse effect she may be experiencing is:
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Solution
Hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity is the most common side effect associated with antitubercular agents. Orange discoloration is a side effect of rifampin but not with antituberculars in general.
Which of the following statements is true when educating clients about penicillin therapy?
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Solution
Clients taking oral contraceptives must be cautioned to use an alternate form of birth control while being treated with penicillin.
Penicillin will reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills.
All of the following symptoms are evidence of a superinfection except:
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Solution
Skin rash
Skin rashes are indicative of hypersensitivity reactions in clients on penicillin therapy.
When assessing clients for evidence of a penicillin allergy, which of the following symptoms may not be considered to be a true hypersensitivity reaction?
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Solution
Nausea
GI disturbances such as nausea are usually caused by direct irritation or overgrowth of gram-positive bacteria or yeasts and are not indicative of a true penicillin allergy.
The client at highest risk for nephrotoxicity with aminoglycoside use is a:
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Solution
Male with a creatinine of 1.7 and BUN of 52 on a 10-day regimen
Choice B is incorrect because a 24-year-old woman with a normal BUN and creatinine would not be at higher risk than others when given aminoglycosides. Choice C is incorrect because recurrent cystitis on limited-time therapy does not present a high risk for nephrotoxicity. The last choice is incorrect because a history of kidney stones on limited-time therapy does not present a high risk for nephrotoxicity.
When a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is taking theophylline also receives ciprofloxacin (Cipro), which of the following interaction could occur?
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Solution
Theophylline toxicity
Theophylline toxicity may occur because the action of theophylline is increased when given with Ciprofloxacin. There is no such thing as ciprotoxicity.
Corinne is experiencing diarrhea after consuming her prescribed antibiotics for the whole week. This is because:
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Solution
Normal intestinal bacteria are destroyed.
The destruction of normal intestinal flora causes diarrhea. In choice A, a drug that rendered food indigestible could not be given because it would cause severe malnutrition. Choice B is incorrect because there is no gastric flora. Choice C is incorrect because there is no way to add fluid into the intestine.