Which of the following may be used for a bowel preparation and is not recommended for treatment of constipation?
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Solution
castor oil
Castor oil is not recommended for treatment of constipation because it causes such severe abdominal pain.
Which of the following categories is used for diarrhea and constipation?
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Solution
Bulk-forming agents
Bulk-forming agents are used for diarrhea and constipation.
A client needs rapid cleansing of the bowel, which category is best used?
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Solution
Saline laxatives with magnesium
Saline laxatives are the best agents for rapid bowel cleansing. Bacid is an intestinal flora modifier. Bulk-forming agents will not produce rapid cleansing. Intestinal flora modifiers will not not produce rapid cleansing as well.
Which of the following is a bulk-forming agent?
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Solution
FiberCon
FiberCon is the bulk-forming agent. Choices A and B are incorrect because they are hyperosmotic agents. Choice D, meanwhile, is a saline laxative.
Which category of drugs prevents/treats constipation by the osmotic drawing of water from extravascular space to intestinal lumen?
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Solution
Hyperosmotic agents
Hyperosmotic agents change the osmotic gradient between the intestine and extravascular space causing water to move into the intestinal lumen and balance the gradient.
Hydrochloric acid secretion is blocked by which of the following category of drugs?
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Solution
histamine-2 antagonists
This is the only category of drugs that reduces the volume of secretions.
Which histamine-2 antagonist is associated with the most drug interactions?
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Solution
cimetidine
Cimetidine was the first histamine-2 antagonist developed and is associated with the most toxic drug interactions of the group.
Extrapyramidal symptoms are a side effect of which of the following drugs?
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Solution
metoclopramide
A side effect of metoclopramide is EPS.
Which of the following drugs will reduce the effectiveness of sucralfate?
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Solution
ranitidine
Ranitidine decreases the effectiveness of sucralfate because it decreases the acid content of gastric secretion. Choice B is the trade name for sucralfate. Choice C is a gastric stimulant that does not alter pH. Choice D is an antihistamine and its GI effect is antiemetic.
Jam is under chemotherapy in which nausea is an expected side effect. Which of the following drugs is indicated to prevent such side effect?
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Solution
metoclopramide
This is the only drug among the choices that is indicated to prevent nausea.