He thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?

A. Martha Rogers
B. Sr. Callista Roy
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Jean Watson

Solution

Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model which involves the physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function mode and dependence mode

Kevin is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first assignment is to determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received from the hospital. He plans to include all adult patients admitted from April to May, with average length of stay of 3-4 days, first admission, and with no complications. Which of the following is an extraneous variable of the study?

A. Date of admission
B. Length of stay
C. Age of patients
D. Absence of complications

Solution

An extraneous variable is not the primary concern of the researcher but has an effect on the results of the study. Adult patients may be young, middle or late adult.

She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of staff. Which action is a priority?

A. Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
B. Initiate a group interaction
C. Develop a plan and implement it
D. Identify external and internal forces.

Solution

Initiate a group interaction will be an opportunity to discuss the problem in the open.

Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:

A. Span of control
B. Unity of command
C. Carrot and stick principle
D. Esprit d’ corps

Solution

Span of control refers to the number of workers who report directly to a manager.

Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?

A. The things that were planned are done
B. Physicians do not complain.
C. Employees are contended
D. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.

Solution

Controlling is defined as seeing to it that what is planned is done.

Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process standard?

A. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission.
B. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
C. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital.
D. Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their families.

Solution

This refers to an outcome standard, which is a result of the care that is rendered to the patient.

She wants to ensure that every task is carried out as planned. Which of the following tasks is NOT included in the controlling process?

A. Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies
B. Reviewing the existing policies of the hospital
C. Evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff
D. Checking if activities conform to schedule

Solution

Instructing the members involves a directing function.

Which of the following statements refers to criteria?

A. Agreed on level of nursing care
B. Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
C. Step-by-step guidelines
D. Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving

Solution

Criteria are specific characteristics used to measure the standard of care.

The following are basic steps in the controlling process of the department. Which of the following is NOT included?

A. Measure actual performance
B. Set nursing standards and criteria
C. Compare results of performance to standards and objectives
D. Identify possible courses of action

Solution

This is a step in a quality control process and not a basic step in the control process.

When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards?

A. Process
B. Outcome
C. Structure
D. Criteria

Solution

Process standards include care plans, nursing procedure to be done to address the needs of the patients.

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