Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?
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Solution
Plaques obstruct the artery
Option B: Arteries, not veins, supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients.
Option A: Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the artery.
Option D: Hardened vessels can’t dilate properly and, therefore, constrict blood flow.
Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD?
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Solution
Atherosclerosis
Option A: Atherosclerosis, or plaque formation, is the leading cause of CAD.
Option B: DM is a risk factor for CAD but isn’t the most common cause.
Option D: Renal failure doesn’t cause CAD, but the two conditions are related.
Option C: Myocardial infarction is commonly a result of CAD.
Which of the following illnesses is the leading cause of death in the US?
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Solution
Coronary artery disease
Option B: Coronary artery disease accounts for over 50% of all deaths in the US.
Option A: Cancer accounts for approximately 20%.
Options C and D: Liver failure and renal failure account for less than 10% of all deaths in the US.
When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow?
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Solution
During diastole
Option B: Although the coronary arteries may receive a minute portion of blood during systole, most of the blood flow to coronary arteries is supplied during diastole.
Option A: Breathing patterns are irrelevant to blood flow.
Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?
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Solution
Left anterior descending artery
Option C: The left anterior descending artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall of the heart.
Options A, B, and D: The circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall, the internal mammary artery supplies the mammary, and the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall of the heart.
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old on admission to the burn unit. One assessment parameter that will indicate that the child has adequate fluid replacement is
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Solution
Urinary output of 30 ml per hour
Option A: For a child of this age, this is adequate output, yet does not suggest overload.
A client is discharged following hospitalization for congestive heart failure. The nurse teaching the family suggests they encourage the client to rest frequently in which of the following positions?
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Solution
High Fowler”s
Option A: Sitting in a chair or resting in a bed in high Fowler”s position decreases the cardiac workload and facilitates breathing.
Which playroom activities should the nurse organize for a small group of 7-year-old hospitalized children?
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Solution
Sports and games with rules
Option A: The purpose of play for the 7-year-old is cooperation. Rules are very important. Logical reasoning and social skills are developed through play.
The nurse has just admitted a client with severe depression. From which focus should the nurse identify a priority nursing diagnosis?
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Solution
Safety
Option D: Safety is a priority of care for the depressed client. Precautions to prevent suicide must be a part of the plan.
While explaining an illness to a 10-year-old, what should the nurse keep in mind about the cognitive development at this age?
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Solution
Think logically in organizing facts
Option B: The child in the concrete operations stage, according to Piaget, is capable of mature thought when allowed to manipulate and organize objects.