Rocky has started taking haloperidol (Haldol). Which of the following instructions is most appropriate for Ricky before taking haloperidol?
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Solution
Should report feelings of restlessness or agitation at once
Option A: Agitation and restlessness are adverse effect of haloperidol and can be treated with anticholinergic drugs.
Option B: Haloperidol isn’t likely to cause photosensitivity or control essential hypertension.
Option C: Although the client may experience increased concentration and activity, these effects are due to a decrease in symptoms, not the drug itself.
Mike is admitted to a psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of undifferentiated schizophrenia. Which of the following defense mechanisms is probably used by Mike?
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Solution
Regression
Option C: Regression, a return to earlier behavior to reduce anxiety, is the basic defense mechanism in schizophrenia.
Option A: Projection is a defense mechanism in which one blames others and attempts to justify actions; it’s used primarily by people with paranoid schizophrenia and delusional disorder.
Option B: Rationalization is a defense mechanism used to justify one’s action.
Option D: Repression is the basic defense mechanism in the neuroses; it’s an involuntary exclusion of painful thoughts, feelings, or experiences from awareness.
Jun approaches the nurse and tells that he hears a voice telling him that he’s evil and deserves to die. Which of the following terms describes the client’s perception?
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Solution
Hallucination
Option C: Hallucinations are sensory experiences that are misrepresentations of reality or have no basis in reality.
Option A: Delusions are beliefs not based on reality.
Option B: Disorganized speech is characterized by jumping from one topic to the next or using unrelated words.
Option D: An idea of reference is a belief that an unrelated situation holds special meaning for the client.
Ivy, who is on the psychiatric unit is copying and imitating the movements of her primary nurse. During recovery, she says, “I thought the nurse was my mirror. I felt connected only when I saw my nurse.” This behavior is known by which of the following terms?
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Solution
Echopraxia
Option B: Echopraxia is the copying of another’s behaviors and is the result of the loss of ego boundaries.
Option A: Modeling is the conscious copying of someone’s behaviors.
Option C: Ego-syntonicity refers to behaviors that correspond with the individual’s sense of self.
Option D: Ritualism behaviors are repetitive and compulsive.
Norma, a 42-year-old client with a diagnosis of chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia lives in a rooming house that has a weekly nursing clinic. She scratches while she tells the nurse she feels creatures eating away at her skin. Which of the following interventions should be done first?
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Solution
Assess for possible physical problems such as rash
Option C: Clients with schizophrenia generally have poor visceral recognition because they live so fully in their fantasy world. They need to have as in-depth assessment of physical complaints that may spill over into their delusional symptoms.
Options A, B, and D: Talking with the client won’t provide as an assessment of his itching, and itching isn’t as adverse reaction of antipsychotic drugs, calling the physician to get the client’s medication increased doesn’t address his physical complaints.
personality disorder. When discussing appropriate behavior in group therapy, which of the following comments is expected about this client by his peers?
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Solution
Lack of honesty
Option A: Clients with antisocial personality disorder tend to engage in acts of dishonesty, shown by lying.
Option B: Clients with schizotypal personality disorder tend to be superstitious.
Options C and D: Clients with histrionic personality disorders tend to overreact to frustrations and disappointments, have temper tantrums, and seek attention.
Which of the following interventions is important for a Cely experiencing with paranoid personality disorder taking olanzapine (Zyprexa)?
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Solution
Explain that the drug is less effective if the client smokes
Option C: Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is less effective for clients who smoke cigarettes.
Option A: Serotonin syndrome occurs with clients who take a combination of antidepressant medications.
Options B and D: Olanzapine doesn’t cause euphoria, and extrapyramidal adverse reactions aren’t a problem. However, the client should be aware of adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia.
Francis tells the nurse that her coworkers are sabotaging the computer. When the nurse asks questions, the client becomes argumentative. This behavior shows personality traits associated with which of the following personality disorder?
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Solution
Paranoid
Option C: Because of their suspiciousness, paranoid personalities ascribe malevolent activities to others and tent to be defensive, becoming quarrelsome and argumentative.
Option A: Clients with antisocial personality disorder can also be antagonistic and argumentative but are less suspicious than paranoid personalities.
Option B: Clients with histrionic personality disorder are dramatic, not suspicious and argumentative.
Option D: Clients with schizoid personality disorder are usually detached from other and tend to have eccentric behavior.
During conversation of Nurse John with a client, he observes that the client shift from one topic to the next on a regular basis. Which of the following terms describes this disorder?
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Solution
Loose association
Option D: Loose associations are conversations that constantly shift in topic. Loose associations don’t necessarily start in a cogently, then becomes loose.
Option A: Flight of ideas is characterized by conversation that’s disorganized from the onset.
Option B: Concrete thinking implies highly definitive thought processes.