A pregnant woman’s last menstrual period began on April 8, 2005, and ended on April 13. Using Naegele’s rule her estimated date of birth would be:
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Solution
January 15, 2006.
Naegele’s rule requires subtracting 3 months and adding 7 days and 1 year if appropriate to the first day of a pregnant woman’s last menstrual period. When this rule is used with April 8, 2005, the estimated date of birth is January 15, 2006.
A pregnant woman at 32 weeks’ gestation complains of feeling dizzy and lightheaded while her fundal height is being measured. Her skin is pale and moist. The nurse’s initial response would be to:
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Solution
Turn the woman on her left side.
During a fundal height measurement, the woman is placed in a supine position. This woman is experiencing supine hypotension as a result of uterine compression of the vena cava and abdominal aorta. Turning her on her side will remove the compression and restore cardiac output and blood pressure.
Option A: After turning the client on the side, then vital signs can be assessed.
Option B: Breathing into a paper bag is the solution for dizziness related to respiratory alkalosis associated with hyperventilation.
Option C: Raising her legs will not solve the problem since pressure will remain on the major abdominal blood vessels, thereby continuing to impede cardiac output.
Gravida refers to which of the following descriptions?
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Solution
Number of times a female has been pregnant.
Gravida refers to the number of times a female has been pregnant, regardless of pregnancy outcome or the number of neonates delivered.
Which of the following answers best describes the stage of pregnancy in which maternal and fetal blood are exchanged?
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Solution
maternal and fetal blood are never exchanged.
Only nutrients and waste products are transferred across the placenta. Blood exchange only occurs in complications and some medical procedures accidentally.
The antagonist for magnesium sulfate should be readily available to any client receiving IV magnesium. Which of the following drugs is the antidote for magnesium toxicity?
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Solution
Calcium gluconate.
Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium toxicity. Ten ml of 10% calcium gluconate is given IV push over 3-5 minutes. Hydralazine is given for sustained elevated blood pressures in preeclamptic clients.
Clients with gestational diabetes are usually managed by which of the following therapies?
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Solution
Diet.
Clients with gestational diabetes are usually managed by diet alone to control their glucose intolerance. Oral hypoglycemic agents are contraindicated in pregnancy. NPH isn’t usually needed for blood glucose control for GDM.
A 21-year old client, 6 weeks’ pregnant is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. This excessive vomiting during pregnancy will often result in which of the following conditions?
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Solution
Electrolyte imbalance.
Excessive vomiting in clients with hyperemesis gravidarum often causes weight loss and fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.
Which of the following conditions is common in pregnant women in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy?
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Solution
Physiologic anemia.
Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels decrease during pregnancy as the increase in plasma volume exceeds the increase in red blood cell production.
Which of the following terms applies to the tiny, blanched, slightly raised end arterioles found on the face, neck, arms, and chest during pregnancy?
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Solution
Telangiectasias.
The dilated arterioles that occur during pregnancy are due to the elevated level of circulating estrogen. The linea nigra is a pigmented line extending from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus during pregnancy.
Which of the following symptoms occurs with a hydatidiform mole?
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Solution
“Snowstorm” pattern on ultrasound with no fetus or gestational sac.
The chorionic villi of a molar pregnancy resemble a snowstorm pattern on ultrasound. Bleeding with a hydatidiform mole is often dark brown and may occur erratically for weeks or months.