In assisted reproductive technology (ART), there is a need to stimulate the ovaries to produce more than one mature ovA. The drug commonly used for this purpose is:
-
Solution
Clomiphene
Clomiphene or Clomid acts as an ovarian stimulant to promote ovulation. The mature ova are retrieved and fertilized outside the fallopian tube (in-vitro fertilization) and after 48 hours the fertilized ovum is inserted into the uterus for implantation.
Which of the following is the correct practice of self-breast examination in a menopausal woman?
-
Solution
Any day of the month as long it is regularly observed on the same day every month
Menopausal women still need to do self-examination of the breast regularly. Any day of the month is alright provided that she practices it monthly on the same day that she has chosen. The hormones estrogen and progesterone are already diminished during menopause so there is no need to consider the time to do it in relation to the menstrual cycle.
A woman is considered to be menopause if she has experienced cessation of her menses for a period of
-
Solution
12 months
If a woman has not had her menstrual period for 12 consecutive months, she is considered to be in her menopausal stage.
Breast self-examination is best done by the woman on herself every month during
-
Solution
Right after the menstrual period so that the breast is not being affected by the increase in hormones particularly estrogen
The best time to do self-breast examination is right after the menstrual period is over so that the hormonal level is low thus the breasts are not tender.
Vasectomy is a procedure done on a male for sterilization. The organ involved in this procedure is
-
Solution
Vas deferens
Vasectomy is a procedure wherein the vas deferens of the male is ligated and cut to prevent the passage of the sperms from the testes to the penis during ejaculation.
Spinnbarkeit is an indicator of ovulation which is characterized as:
-
Solution
Thin watery mucus which can be stretched into a long strand about 10 cm
At the midpoint of the cycle when the estrogen level is high, the cervical mucus becomes thin and watery to allow the sperm to easily penetrate and get to the fallopian tubes to fertilize an ovum. This is called spinnbarkeit. And the woman feels “wet”. When progesterone is secreted by the ovary, the mucus becomes thick and the woman will feel “dry”.
Infertility can be attributed to male causes such as the following EXCEPT:
-
Solution
Sperm count of about 20 million per milliliter
Sperm count must be within normal in order for a male to successfully sire a child. The normal sperm count is 20 million per milliliter of seminal fluid or 50 million per ejaculate.
To determine if the cause of infertility is a blockage of the fallopian tubes, the test to be done is
-
Solution
Rubin’s test
Rubin’s test is a test to determine patency of fallopian tubes. Huhner’s test is also known as post-coital test to determine the compatibility of the cervical mucus with sperms of the sexual partner.
The following are important considerations to teach the woman who is on a low dose (mini-pill) oral contraceptive EXCEPT:
-
Solution
If the woman fails to take a pill in one day, she must take 2 pills for added protection
If the woman fails to take her usual pill for the day, taking a double dose does not give additional protection. What she needs to do is to continue taking the pills until the pack is consumed and use at the time another temporary method to ensure that no pregnancy will occur. When a new pack is started, she can already discontinue using the second temporary method she employed.
In the sympto-thermal method, the parameters being monitored to determine if the woman is fertile or infertile are:
-
Solution
Temperature, cervical mucus, cervical consistency
The 3 parameters measured/monitored which will indicate that the woman has ovulated are- a temperature increase of about 0.2-0.4 degrees centigrade, a softness of the cervix and cervical mucus that looks like the white of an egg which makes the woman feel “wet”.