When teaching a group of adolescents about male hormone production, which of the following would the nurse include as being produced by the Leydig cells?
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Solution
Testosterone
Testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells in the seminiferous tubules.
Options A and C: Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are released by the anterior pituitary gland.
Option D: The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
When teaching a group of adolescents about variations in the length of the menstrual cycle, the nurse understands that the underlying mechanism is due to variations in which of the following phases?
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Solution
Proliferative phase
Variations in the length of the menstrual cycle are due to variations in the proliferative phase.
Options A, C, and D: The menstrual, secretory, and ischemic phases do not contribute to this variation.
A client has a mid pelvic contracture from a previous pelvic injury due to a motor vehicle accident as a teenager. The nurse is aware that this could prevent a fetus from passing through or around which structure during childbirth?
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Solution
Ischial spines
The ischial spines are located in the mid-pelvic region and could be narrowed due to the previous pelvic injury.
Options A, B, and D: The symphysis pubis, sacral promontory, and pubic arch are not part of the mid-pelvis.
In the late 1950s, consumers and health care professionals began challenging the routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. Which of the following was an outgrowth of this concept?
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Solution
Prepared childbirth
Prepared childbirth was the direct result of the 1950’s challenging of the routine use of analgesic and anesthetics during childbirth.
Option A: The LDRP was a much later concept and was not a direct result of the challenging of routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth.
Options B and C: Roles for the nurse midwives and clinical nurse specialists did not develop from this challenge.
Which of the following refers to the single cell that reproduces itself after conception?
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Solution
Zygote
The zygote is the single cell that reproduces itself after conception.
Option A: The chromosome is the material that makes up the cell and is gained from each parent.
Options B and D: Blastocyst and trophoblast are later terms for the embryo after zygote.
When describing dizygotic twins to a couple, on which of the following would the nurse base the explanation?
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Solution
Two ova fertilized by separate sperm
Dizygotic (fraternal) twins involve two ova fertilized by separate sperm. Monozygotic (identical) twins involve a common placenta, same genotype, and common chorion.
A patient is in labor and has just been told she has a breech presentation. The nurse should be particularly alert for which of the following?
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Solution
Prolapsed umbilical cord
In a breech position, because of the space between the presenting part and the cervix, prolapse of the umbilical cord is common.
Option A: Quickening is the woman’s first perception of fetal movement.
Option B: Ophthalmia neonatorum usually results from maternal gonorrhea and is conjunctivitis.
Option C: Pica refers to the oral intake of nonfood substances.
The amniotic fluid of a client has a greenish tint. The nurse interprets this to be the result of which of the following?
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Solution
Meconium
The greenish tint is due to the presence of meconium.
Option A: Lanugo is the soft, downy hair on the shoulders and back of the fetus.
Option B: Hydramnios represents excessive amniotic fluid.
Option D: Vernix is the white, cheesy substance covering the fetus.
With a fetus in the left anterior breech presentation, the nurse would expect the fetal heart rate would be most audible in which of the following areas?
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Solution
Above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of midline
With this presentation, the fetal upper torso and back face the left upper maternal abdominal wall. The fetal heart rate would be most audible above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of the middle. The other positions would be incorrect.
The nurse understands that the fetal head is in which of the following positions with a face presentation?
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Solution
Completely extended
With a face presentation, the head is completely extended.
Options A and D: With a vertex presentation, the head is completely or partially flexed.
Option C: With a brow (forehead) presentation, the head would be partially extended.