When serum calcium levels rise, which of the following hormones is secreted?
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Solution
calcitonin
When calcium levels rise, calcitonin is secreted from the thyroid; this hormone moves calcium from plasma into bone. Parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to lowered calcium levels; this hormone moves calcium from bone into plasma.
Which of the following diagnoses is most appropriate for a patient with hypo calcemia?
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Solution
high risk for injury: bleeding
A patient with hypocalcemia may bleed, since calcium is required for normal blood clotting. A and D are diagnoses appropriate for a patient with hypercalcemia. C is not associated with fluctuating calcium levels.
Normal calcium levels must be analyzed in relation to:
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Solution
protein
Some calcium is bound to protein, so abnormal calcium levels are analyzed in relation to proteins.
Calcium is absorbed in the GI tract under the influence of:
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Solution
vitamin D
Calcium is absorbed in the GI tract under the influence of vitamin D in its biologically active form.
A patient with which of the following disorders is at high risk for developing hyperphosphatemia?
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Solution
hypocalcemia
Because calcium and phosphorus ratios are inversely proportional, when phosphorus levels are high, calcium levels are low.
Hypophosphatemia may result from which of the following diseases?
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Solution
alcoholism
Hypophosphatemia may occur secondary to alcoholism. Renal failure is usually associated with hyperphosphatemia
The major cation in the ICF is:
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Solution
potassium
Potassium is the major ICF cation. Sodium is the major ECF cation. Phosphorus is the major ICF anion. Magnesium is the second-most abundant cation in the ICF.
The chief anion in the intracellular fluid (ICF) is:
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Solution
phosphorus
Phosphorus is the major ICF cation. Potassium and sodium are cations. Chloride is the chief anion found in the ECF.
The process of endocrine regulation of electrolytes involves:
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Solution
sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
ACTH stimulates release of aldosterone, which in turn acts on the tubules to reabsorb sodium. When this occurs, the cation potassium is excreted.
Redd is receiving a blood transfusion. When monitoring the patient, the nurse would analyze an elevated body temperature as indicating:
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Solution
a possible transfusion reaction
An increase in the body temperature indicates a possible transfusion reaction and requires immediate discontinuation of the infusion.