Which of the following statements provides the rationale for using a hypotonic solution for a patient with FVD?
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Solution
A hypotonic solution provides free water to help the kidneys eliminate the solute.
Hypotonic solutions provide free water, which helps the kidneys eliminate solute.
Which of the following blood products should be infused rapidly?
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Solution
platelets
Platelets and cryoprecipitate can be infused quickly. PRBC and FFP should be administered over 1 ½ to 4 hours. Dextran is not a blood product.
When assessing a patient for metabolic alkalosis, the nurse would expect to find:
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Solution
low serum potassium
Decreased serum potassium is a common symptom of metabolic alkalosis.
The body’s compensation of metabolic alkalosis involves:
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Solution
decreasing the respiratory rate
The body attempts to compensate for metabolic alkalosis by decreasing the respiratory rate and conserving carbon dioxide (an acid). Urine volume does not influence acid-base balance.
Which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values indicates uncompensated metabolic alkalosis?
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Solution
pH 7.48, PaCO2 42, HCO3 30
Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis is indicated by ABG values of pH 7.48, PaCO2 42, and HCO3 30. B indicates metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated. C indicates respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated. D indicates respiratory alkalosis, uncompensated.
Mr. Wenceslao is scheduled to receive an isotonic solution; which one of the following is an example of such solution?
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Solution
A solution of 0.9% saline is isotonic.
A solution of 0.9% saline is isotonic. Solutions of 0.33% and 0.45% saline and D5W are hypotonic.
John Reid is admitted in the hospital and is currently receiving hypertonic fluids. Nursing management for the client includes monitoring for all of the following potential complications except:
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Solution
water intoxication
Water intoxication is a potential complication associated with hypotonic fluid administration. Other choice are potential complication of hypertonic fluid administration.
Orly Khan is suffering from fluid volume deficit (FVD), which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to assess in the patient?
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Solution
tachycardia
Tachycardia, poor tissue turgor, and hypotension are symptoms of FVD. Other choices are symptoms of FVE.
When assessing a patient’s total body water percentage, the nurse is aware that all of the following factors influence this except:
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Solution
gender
A patient’s gender does not influence the percentage of total body water.
The net diffusion of water from one solution of water from one solution through a semipermeable membrane to another solution containing a lower concentration of water is termed:
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Solution
osmosis
Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane to a solution with a lower concentration of water. Filtration is the process in which fluids are pushed through biologic membranes by unequal processes. Diffusion (Brownian motion) is the random kinetic motion causing atoms and molecules to spread out evenly.