The nurse would analyze an arterial pH of 7.46 as indicating:
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Solution
alkalosis
Alkalosis is indicated by a pH above 7.45.
Nursing interventions for a patient with hyponatremia include:
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Solution
restricting fluid intake
Hyponatremia involves a decreased concentration of sodium in relation to fluid volume, so restricting fluid intake is indicated.
When assessing a patient for electrolyte balance, the nurse is aware that etiologies for hyponatremia include:
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Solution
all of the following
Water gain, diuretic therapy, and diaphoresis are etiologies of hyponatremia.
Normal serum sodium concentration ranges from:
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Solution
136 to 145 mEq/L
Normal serum sodium level ranges from 136 to 145 mEq/L.
A rise in arterial pressure causes the baroreceptors and stretch receptors to signal an inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in:
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Solution
diffusion
In diffusion, the solute moves from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, creating osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is related to the process of osmosis. Filtration is created by hydrostatic pressure. Capillary dynamics are related to fluid exchange at the intravascular and interstitial levels.
Osmotic pressure is created through the process of:
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Solution
increased sodium intake
Hypotonic fluid volume excess (FVE) involves an increase in water volume without an increase in sodium concentration. Increased sodium intake is part of the management of this condition.
When monitoring the daily weight of a patient with fluid volume deficit (FVD), the nurse is aware that fluid loss may be considered when weight loss begins to exceed:
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Solution
0.50 lb
Weight loss of more than 0.50 lb. is considered to be fluid loss.
Dietary recommendations for a patient with a hypotonic fluid excess should include:
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Solution
increased sodium intake
Hypotonic fluid volume excess (FVE) involves an increase in water volume without an increase in sodium concentration. Increased sodium intake is part of the management of this condition.
Which of the following conditions is an equal decrease of extracellular fluid (ECF) solute and water volume?
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Solution
isotonic FVD
Isotonic FVD involves an equal decrease in solute concentration and water volume.
To determine if a patient’s respiratory system is functioning, the nurse would assess which of the following parameters:
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Solution
arterial blood gas
Arterial blood gases will indicate CO2 and O2 levels. This is an indication that the respiratory system is functioning. Respiratory rate can reveal data about other systems, such as the brain, making letter c a better choice. Pulse rate is not measure of respiratory status. Pulse oximetry yields oxygen saturation levels, which is not a measure of acid-base balance.