For a patient with hypomagnesemia, which of the following medications may become toxic?
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Solution
Digoxin
In hypomagnesemia, a patient on digoxin is likely to develop digitalis toxicity. Neither A nor C has toxicity as a side effect. CAPD is not a medication.
Nursing interventions for a patient with hypermagnesemia include administering calcium gluconate to:
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Solution
antagonize the cardiac effects of magnesium
In a patient with hypermagnesemia, administration of calcium gluconate will antagonize the cardiac effects of magnesium. Although calcium gluconate will raise serum calcium levels, that is not the purpose of administration. Calcium gluconate does not lower calcium or magnesium levels.
A patient in which of the following disorders is at high risk to develop hypermagnesemia?
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Solution
renal failure
Renal failure can reduce magnesium excretion, leading to hypermagnesemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis, not insulin shock is a cause of hypermagnesemia. Hypoadrenalism, not hyperadrenalism is a cause of hypermagnesemia. Nausea and vomiting lead to hypomagnesemia.
Which of the following is not an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with hypercalcemia?
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Solution
administering calcium gluconate
Calcium gluconate is used for replacement in deficiency states. Calcitonin and loop diuretics are used to lower serum calcium.
Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to asses in hypercalcemia?
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Solution
urinary calculi
Urinary calculi may occur with hypercalcemia. Shortened, not prolonged QRS complex would be seen in hypercalcemia. Tetany and petechiae are signs of hypocalcemia.
Etiologies associated with hypocalcemia may include all of the following except:
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Solution
metastatic bone lesions
Metastatic bone lesions are associated with hypercalcemia due to accelerated bone metabolism and release of calcium into the serum. Renal failure, inadequate calcium intake, and vitamin D deficiency may cause hypocalcemia.
Nursing intervention for the patient with hyperphosphatemia include encouraging intake of:
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Solution
amphogel
Administration of phosphate binders (amphogel and basagel) will reduce the serum phosphate levels.
In the extracellular fluid, chloride is a major:
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Solution
anion
Chloride is a major anion found in the extracellular fluid. A compound occurs when two ions are bound together. Chloride is an ion, but this choice is too general. HCO3 is a cation.
Which of the following conditions is associated with elevated serum chloride levels?
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Solution
eclampsia
Eclampsia is associated with increased levels of serum chloride.
Lee Angela’s lab test just revealed that her chloride level is 96 mEq/L. As a nurse, you would interpret this serum chloride level as:
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Solution
within normal range
Normal serum concentrations of chloride range from 95 to 108 mEq/L.