Which of the following electrolytes are lost as a result of vomiting?
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Solution
hydrogen and potassium
In upper gastrointestinal fluid loss, hydrogen and potassium are lost because these electrolytes are present in abundance in the stomach.
Which of the following clinical conditions exacerbates electrolyte excretion?
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Solution
use of surgical drains
Surgical drains will cause a fluid loss, and electrolytes are eliminated along with the fluid.
A diet containing the minimum daily sodium requirement for an adult would be:
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Solution
a diet including 2 gm sodium
The minimum sodium requirement for adults is 2 gm daily. Most adults consume more than this because sodium is abundant in almost all foods.
Magnesium performs all of the following functions except:
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Solution
contributing to vasoconstriction
Magnesium contributes to vasodilation, not vasoconstriction.
The extracellular fluid space holds water, electrolytes, proteins and:
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Solution
red blood cells
The extracellular space contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in addition to water, electrolytes, and proteins. Potassium, lipids, and nucleic acids are intracellular components.
The danger of fluid sequestered in the third space is that the fluid:
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Solution
is not available for circulation
In third-spacing, fluid is sequestered and is unavailable to the general circulation.
Etiologies associated with hypomagnesemia include:
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Solution
malabsorption syndrome
Malabsorption syndrome is associated with hypomagnesemia. Increased vitamin D intake and diarrhea are also associated with hypomagnesemia.
Isotonic FVD can result from:
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Solution
inadequate ingestion of fluids and electrolytes
Isotonic FVD may result from inadequate intake of fluids and electrolytes that can occur secondary to an inability to ingest orally. GI fluid loss through diarrhea is an etiology of hypotonic FVD. Insensible water loss during prolonged fever is a cause of hypertonic FVD. Impaired thirst regulation is a cause of hypertonic FVD.
The majority of the body’s water is contained in which of the following fluid compartments?
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Solution
intracellular
The intracellular compartment holds two-thirds of total body water. The extracellular compartment is the interstitial space plus the intravascular space. The extracellular compartment accounts for one-third of total body water.
The majority gastrointestinal reabsorption of water occurs in:
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Solution
small intestines
Approximately 85% to 95% of water absorption takes place in the small intestine. The colon absorbs only 500 to 100 cc.