The classic symptoms that define breast cancer includes the following except:
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Solution
“pink peel” skin
Classic symptoms that define breast cancer includes: Firm, nontender, nonmobile mass. Solitary, irregularly shaped mass. Adherence to muscle or skin causing dimpling effect. Involvement of the upper outer quadrant or central nipple portion. Asymmetry of the breasts. “Orange peel” skin. Retraction of nipple. Abnormal discharge from nipple.
A client is diagnosed with breast cancer. The tumor size is up to 5 cm with axillary and neck lymph node involvement. The client is in what stage of breast cancer?
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Solution
Stage II
Stage I – tumor size up to 2 cm. Stage II – tumor size up to 5 cm with axillary and neck lymph node involvement. Stage III – tumor size is more than 5 cm with axillary and neck lymph node involvement. Stage IV – metastasis to distant organs (liver, lungs, bone and brain).
A client taking a chemotherapeutic agent understands the effects of therapy by stating:
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Solution
“I will avoid eating hot and spicy foods.”
The client should prevent hot and spicy food because of the stomatitis side effect. The client should avoid people with infection but should not isolate himself in his room all the time. Fluid intake should be increased. Urine color change is normal.
A client is diagnosed with progressive prostate cancer. The nurse expects which drug is given?
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Solution
Estramustine (Emcyt)
Anstrazole (arimidex)- treatment of advanced breast cancer in post menopausal women following tamoxifen therapy. Estramustine (Emcyt) – palliative treatment of metastatic and progressive prostate cancer. Pclitaxel (Taxol) – treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer and AIDS related to Kaposi’s sarcoma. Irinotecan (Camptosar)- treatment of metastatic colon or rectal cancer after treatment with 5-FU.
Specific classification of the chemotherapeutic agent, Vincristine (Oncovin) is:
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Solution
Mitotic inhibitor
Vincristine is a mitotic inhibitor
Chemotherapeutic agents have different specific classifications. The following medications are antineoplastic antibiotics except:
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Solution
Fluorouracil (Adrucil)
Fluorouracil (Adrucil) is an antimetabolite.
To provide relief from the cytarabine syndrome, which drug is given?
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Solution
Steroids
Steroids may be prescribed to promote relief from cytarabine syndrome. Allopurinol is given for hyperurecemia that will result from taking some chemotherapeutic agent.
Cytarabine (Ara-C) is an antimetabolite that can cause a common cytarabine syndrome which includes the following apart from:
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Solution
Diarrhea
Cytarabine syndrome includes fever, myalgia, bone pain, chest pain, rash, conjunctivitis and malaise. No diarrhea is included in this syndrome thus; letter D is the best choice.
A client is taking Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) for the treatment of lymphoma. The nurse is very cautious in administering the medication because this drug poses the fatal side effect of:
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Solution
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Hemorrhagic cystitis is the potentially fatal side effect of Cytoxan. Myeloma is an indication for giving this medication. Alopecia is a common side effect.
Contact of client on radiation therapy should be limited only to how many minutes to promote safety of the therapy personnel?
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Solution
5 minutes
Principles of Radiation protection follows the DTS system. Distance (D), Time (T) and Shielding (S). Distance – at least 3 feet should be maintained when a nurse is not performing any nursing procedures. Time – limit contact to 5 minutes each time. Shielding – use lead shield during contact with client.