In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
Acids have no hydrogen ions and are able to bind in a solution.
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Solution
Acids are substances having one or more hydrogen ions that can be liberated into a solution.
Bases are substances that can bind hydrogen ions in a solution.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
The human body functions optimally in a state of homeostasis.
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Solution
The maintenance of acid-base balance, which in one part of homeostasis, is evidenced by an arterial plasma pH value of 7.35-7.45. Many mechanisms in the body work together to achieve and maintain this delicate narrow range of pH that is essential for normal cell function.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
Alkalosis is characterized by overexcitement of the nervous system.
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Solution
The muscles may go into a state of tetany and convulsions.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
The major effect of acidosis is overexcitement of the central nervous system.
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Solution
The major effect is a depression of the central nervous system, as evidenced by disorientation followed by coma.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement will give the information needed to determine if the primary disturbance of acid-base balance is respiratory or metabolic in nature.
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Solution
ABG’s are blood tests that are useful in identifying the cause and extent of the acid-base disturbance and in guiding and monitoring treatment.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
What two organs in the body serve as a compensatory function to maintain acid base balance?
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Solution
The carbonic acid concentration is controlled by the amount of carbon dioxide excreted by the lungs. The bicarbonate concentration is controlled by the kidneys, which selectively retain or excrete bicarbonate in response to the body’s needs.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
Increased plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-)
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Solution
In metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes depressed in an effort to conserve carbon dioxide for combination with water in the blood to raise the blood level of carbonic acid. Symptoms include confusion, dizziness, numbness or tingling of fingers or toes.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
Decreased plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-)
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Solution
The body compensates by using body fat for energy, producing abnormal amounts of ketone bodies. In an effort to neutralize the ketones and maintain the acid-base balance of the body, plasma bicarbonate is exhausted. This condition can develop in anyone who does not eat an adequate diet and whose body fat must be burned for energy. Symptoms include headache and mental dullness.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
High plasma PaCO2
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Solution
An excess of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) can cause carbon dioxide narcosis. In this condition, carbon dioxide levels are so high that they no longer stimulate respirations but depress them.
In acid-base balance the normal plasma PCO2 and bicarbonate levels are disturbed. Match the changes in these parameters given below with the disorders in the given choices.
Low plasma PaCO2
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Solution
Excessive pulmonary ventilation decreases hydrogen ion concentration and thus causes respiratory alkalosis. It can become dangerous when it leads to cardiac dysrhythmias caused partly by a decrease in serum potassium levels.